What are the advantages and disadvantages of in-line measurement of the conductivity of water for injection (WFI)?

03.10.2022

Question of the Week

In practice, in-line measurement has established itself over decades as the better method, but it only covers stage 1 of the test procedure. If the limit of stage 1 is exceeded during in-line measurement, off-line measurement is required.

[GMP Compliance Adviser, Chapter 5.A]

Would you like to discover more?

The GMP Compliance Adviser is the world's largest knowledge portal for quality management in the pharma business.

The demo access is non-binding and ends automatically.

Test it now for free

You may also be interested in the following articles:

24.11.2025

Question of the Week

How is a QRM process initiated?

You can view the answer here:

FDA: Updated Pre-RFD Guidance for Combination Products

The U.S. FDA has released an updated final guidance on preparing a Pre-Request for Designation (Pre-RFD), replacing the previous 2018 version. The revised document provides new recommendations for interacting with the Office of Combination Products (OCP) and clarifies expectations for Pre-RFD submissions.

EDQM: 9 Virtual Training Modules on Ph. Eur. and CEPs

The EDQM has introduced a modular training programme covering chemically defined active substances and medicinal products. It will take place between 1 and 12 December 2025.