What are the advantages and disadvantages of in-line measurement of the conductivity of water for injection (WFI)?

In practice, in-line measurement has established itself over decades as the better method, but it only covers stage 1 of the test procedure. If the limit of stage 1 is exceeded during in-line measurement, off-line measurement is required.

[GMP Compliance Adviser, Chapter 5.A]

You can find out more about this topic:

The GMP Compliance Adviser is the world's largest knowledge portal for quality management in the pharma business!