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What are the 3 designs for counterfeit-proof features?

Counterfeit-proof features can be designed in 3 different ways:

  1. Open, i.e. can be recognised and therefore verified by anyone
    Example: holograms, use of colour-shifting inks
  2. Hidden, i.e. only verifiable by experts with applicable knowledge
    Example: microscripts, guilloches
  3. Forensic, i.e. can be used as evidence in court
    Example: special individual markers

[GMP Compliance Adviser, Chapter 21.H]

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